Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 965–971

Beryllium Levels in the Mangrove Snail, Nerita lineata and Surface Sediments from Peninsular Malaysian Mangrove Area

(Tahap Berilium dalam Siput Bakau, Nerita lineata dan Sedimen Permukaan daripada Kawasan Bakau Semenanjung Malaysia)

CHEE KONG YAP* & WAN HEE CHENG

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 Jun 2014/Diterima: 4 Mac 2015

ABSTRACT

The beryllium (Be) concentrations were determined in the shells, opercula and soft tissues of the Nerita lineata and in the surface sediments collected from nine geographical sites of Peninsular Malaysian mangrove area in April 2011. The ranges of Be concentrations (μg/kg dry weight) were: <1.00- 4.00 for shells, <1.00-2.00 for opercula and 3.00-41.00 for soft tissues of N. lineata. For sediments, Be ranges were found between 1200 and 3810 μg/kg dry weight. The distribution of Be was found to be: sediment> soft tissues > shells ≥ opercula. The insignificant (p>0.05) relationships of Be between snails and sediments and low bioaccumulation factor (ratio of soft tissues to sediment) (<1.00), could be attributed to the fact that Be contamination being not serious in the Peninsular Malaysian mangrove area. The snail N. lineata as a good biomonitor of Be needs further investigations. Lastly, Peninsular Malaysia mangrove was not contaminated by Be based on the present findings.

Keywords: Be; biomonitoring; mangrove snails; sediment

ABSTRAK

Kepekatan berilium (Be) telah ditentukan di dalam cangkerang, operkulum dan tisu lembut bagi Nerita lineata dan di dalam sedimen permukaan disampel dari sembilan kawasan geografi di kawasan paya bakau di Semenanjung Malaysia pada April 2011. Julat kepekatan Be (μg/kg berat kering) adalah: <1.00-4.00 bagi cangkerang, <1.00-2.00 bagi operkulum dan 3.00-41.0 bagi tisu lembut dalam N. lineata. Bagi sedimen, julat Be adalah didapati antara 1200 dan 3810 μg/kg berat kering. Taburan bagi Be didapati sebagai: sedimen> tisu lembut> cangkerang ≥ operkulum. Korelasi yang tidak bererti (p>0.05) antara siput dan sedimen dan faktor biopenimbunan yang rendah (nisbah bagi tisu lembut kepada sedimen) (<1.00), mungkin disebabkan oleh pencemaran Be tidak serius di dalam kawasan paya bakau Semenanjung Malaysia. Siput N. lineata sebagai penunjuk pemantauan bagi Be memerlukan kajian lanjutan. Akhir sekali, paya bakau Semenanjung Malaysia tidak dicemari Be berdasarkan hasil kajian ini.

Kata kunci: Be; pemantauan; sedimen; siput bakau

RUJUKAN

Anderson, M.A., Bertsch, P.M. & Miller, W.P. 1990. Beryllium in selected southeastern soils. J. Environ. Qual. 19: 347-348.

Asami, T. & Fukazawa, F. 1985. Beryllium contents of uncontaminated soil and sediments in Japan. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 31: 43-54.

Asami, T. & Kubota, M. 1995. Background levels of soil beryllium in several countries. Environm. Geochem. Health 17: 32-38.

ATSDR. 1993. Toxicological profile for beryllium. Update. Atlanta, GA, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR/TP-92/08; NTIS Accession No. PB93-182434).

Borovec, Z. 1993. Partitioning of silver, beryllium and molybdenum among chemical fractions in the sediments from the Labe (Elbe) River in Central Bohemia, Czech Rep. GeoJournal 29(4): 359-364.

Buat-Menerd, P. & Chesselt, R. 1979. Variable influence of the atmosphere flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 42: 398-411.

Byrne, C.J. & DeLeon, L.R. 1986. Trace metal residues in biota and sediments from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37(1): 151-158.

Chen, M., Ma, L.Q. & Harris, W.G. 1999. Baseline concentrations of 15 trace elements in Florida surface soils. J. Environ. Qual. 28(4): 1173-1181.

Clarke, L.B. & Sloss, L.L. 1992. Trace elements - emissions from coal combustion and gasification, IEACR/49, IEA Coal Research, London. p. 111.

Dallinger, R. 1993. Strategies of metal detoxification in terrestrial invertebrates. In Ecotoxicology of Metals in Invertebrates, edited by Dallinger, R. & Rainbow, P.S. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers. pp. 245-289.

Drury, J.S., Shriner, C.R., Lewis, E.B., Towill, L.E. & Hammons, A.S. 1978. Reviews of the environmental effects of pollutants: VI. Beryllium. Prepared under IAG-D5-0403 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, TN (EPA 600/1-78-028; NTIS PB-290966).

Ergin, M., Saydam, C., Basturk, O., Erdem, E. & Yoruk, R. 1991. Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from the two coastal inlets (Golden Horn Estuary and Izmit Bay) of the northeastern Sea of Marmara. Chem. Geol. 91: 269-285.

Gao, S., Luo, T.C., Zhang, B.R., Zhang, H.F., Han, Y.W., Hu, Y.K. & Zhao, Z.D. 1998. Chemical composition of the continental crust as revealed by studies in east China. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62: 1959-1975.

Griffitts, W.R., Allaway, W.H. & Groth, D.H. 1977. Beryllium. In Geochemistry and the Environment. Vol. II. The Relation of Other Selected Trace Elements to Health and Disease. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, US National Committee for Geochemistry. pp. 7-10.

Hakanson, L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentary approach. Water Res. 14: 975-1001.

IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety). 1990. Beryllium. Geneva, World Health Organization, IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria 106.

Itoh, K. 1986. Beryllium in sediments of Nagoya Harbor estuaries. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36: 935-941.

Kabata-Pendias, A. & Mukherjee, A.B. 2007. Trace Elements from Soil to Human. Berlin: Springer.

Kenaga, E. 1980. Predicted bioconcentration factors and soil sorption coefficients of pesticides and other chemicals. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 4: 26-38.

Luy, N., Gobert, S., Sartoretto, S., Biondo, R., Bouquegneau, J.M. & Richir, J. 2012. Chemical contamination along the Mediterranean French coast using Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile above-ground tissues: A multiple trace element study. Ecol. Ind. 18(7): 269-277.

Müller, G. 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal 2: 108-118.

Nordberg, G.F. 1982. Subclinical and chronic effects of trace elements with special reference to critical effects. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, edited by Bra¨tter, P. & Schramel, P. Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany. pp. 291-312.

Reeves, A.L. 1986. Beryllium. In Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed., Volume II: Speci Metals, edited by Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Vouk, V.B. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers. pp. 95-116.

Rezaee, K., Abdi, M.R., Saion, E.B., Naghavi, K. & Shafaei, M.A. 2011. Distribution of trace elements in the marine sediments along the South China Sea, Malaysia. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 287: 733-740.

Richir, J. & Gobert, S. 2014. The effect of size, weight, body compartment, sex and reproductive status on the bioaccumulation of 19 trace elements in rope-grown Mytilus galloprovincialis. Ecol. Ind. 36: 33-47.

Rudnick, R.L. & Gao, S. 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In Treatise on Geochemistry, edited by Heinrich, D.H. & Karl, K.T. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 1-64.

Rupasinghe, M.S., Banerjee, A., Pense, J. & Dissanayke, C.B. 1984. The geochemistry of Beryllium and Fluorine in the gem fields of Sri Lanka. Mineral. Deposita 19: 86-93.

Schi., K.C. & Weisberg, S.B. 1999. Iron as a reference element for determining trace metal enrichment in Southern California coast shelf sediments. Mar. Environ. Res. 48: 161-176.

Shaw, D.M., Dostal, J. & Keays, R.R. 1976. Additional estimates of continental surface Precambrian shield composition in Canada. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 40: 73-83.

Shaw, D.M., Reilly, G.A., Muysson, J.R., Pattenden, G.E. & Campbell, F.E. 1967. An estimate of the chemical composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield. Can. J. Earth Sci. 4: 829-853.

Sultan, K. & Shazili, N.A. 2010. Geochemical baselines of major, minor and trace elements in the tropical sediments of the Terengganu River basin, Malaysia. Int. J. Sed. Res. 25: 340-354.

Sutherland, R.A. 2000. Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Env. Geol. 39(6): 611-627.

Szefer, P. & Szefer, K. 1990. Metals in molluscs and bottom sediments of the southern Baltic. Helgoland Meeresunters 44: 424-441.

Taylor, S.R. & McLennan, S.M. 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Rev. Geophys. 33: 241-265.

Wagner, A. & Boman, J. 2004. Biomonitoring of trace elements in Vietnamese freshwater mussels. Spectrochim. Acta (Part B) 59: 1125-1132.

Wedepohl, K.H. 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59: 1217-1239.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2001. Beryllium and beryllium compounds. Concise international chemical assessment document: 32. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the WHO, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. Stuttgart.

Yap, C.K., Cheng, W.H., Ismail, A., Ismail, A.R. & Tan, S.G. 2009a. Biomonitoring of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in the west intertidal area of Peninsular Malaysia by using Nerita lineata. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 91(1): 29-41.

Yap, C.K., Noorhaidah, A., Azlan, A., Nor Azwady, A.A., Ismail, A., Ismail, A.R., Siraj, S.S. & Tan, S.G. 2009b. Telescopium telescopium as potential biomonitors of Cu, Zn, and Pb for the tropical intertidal area. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 72: 496-506.

Yap, C.K. & Pang, B.H. 2011. Assessment of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in sediment of north western Peninsular Malaysia by using sediment quality values and different geochemical indices. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 183(1-4): 23-39.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yapckong@hotmail.com