Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 987–994

Effects of Ammonium Carbonate Post Treatment on Phenolic Resin Treated Sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) Wood

(Kesan Pasca Rawatan Amonium Karbonat terhadap Kayu Sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum)

yang Dirawat dengan Resin Fenolik)

ZAIDON ASHAARI*, LEE SENG HUA & MOHD NOR EFFENDI BIN RADZALI

Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 23 September 2014/Diterima: 16 Februari 2015

ABSTRACT

The bulking treatment with phenolic resin is well known as a treatment to improve the properties of low density wood but high amount of formaldehyde emission will be released during and after treatment. A study was conducted to determine the performance of phenolic resin treated sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) wood post treated with ammonium carbonate and urea. Wood strips were treated separately with 30% low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin (LmwPF) resin and mixture of LmwPF with urea (30% based on solid PF) using empty-cell process. Two products were produced from the treatment, i.e. impreg and compreg. After conditioning, the surfaces of the samples were applied with ammonium carbonate solution at 10, 20 and 30 g/m². The samples were then stacked and stored at 60°C for 48 h. Properties such as formaldehyde emission, strength and dimensional stability were evaluated. The results showed that the post treatment with ammonium carbonate has successfully reduced the formaldehyde emission from the sesenduk wood. The degree of reduction was depended on the amount of ammonium carbonate applied on the samples. The results also showed that the sesenduk wood treated with mixture of PF and urea had lower formaldehyde emission. Post treatment with ammonium carbonate did not significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the sesenduk wood.

Keywords: Ammonium carbonate; compreg; formaldehyde emission; impreg; sesenduk

ABSTRAK

Rawatan pukal dengan fenolik resin dikenali sebagai rawatan untuk meningkatkan kualiti kayu berketumpatan rendah tetapi jumlah formaldehid yang tinggi akan dibebaskan semasa dan selepas rawatan. Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan prestasi kayu sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) yang dirawat dengan fenolik resin selepas disapu dengan amonium karbonat dan urea. Jejalur kayu telah dirawat dengan 30% resin formaldehid fenol berat molekul rendah (LmwPF) dan juga campuran LmwPF dengan urea (30% berdasarkan PF pepejal) secara berasingan dengan menggunakan proses sel-kosong. Dua produk terhasil daripada rawatan ini iaitu impreg dan compreg. Selepas penyamanan, permukaan sampel akan disapu dengan campuran amonium karbonat pada kadar 10, 20 dan 30 g/m². Ia kemudian disusun dan disimpan pada 60°C selama 48 jam. Sifat yang dinilai adalah perlepasan formaldehid, kekuatan dan kestabilan dimensi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa perlepasan formaldehid telah dikurangkan selepas dirawat dengan amonium karbonat. Kadar pengurangan adalah bergantung kepada jumlah penggunaan amonium karbonat pada sampel. Keputusan juga menunjukkan kayu sesenduk yang dirawat dengan campuran PF dan urea mempunyai perlepasan formaldehid yang kurang daripada kayu sesenduk yang dirawat dengan PF sahaja. Rawatan dengan amonium karbonat tidak mengubah sifat fizikal and mekanik kayu sesenduk dengan ketara.

Kata kunci: Amonium karbonat; compreg; impreg; perlepasan formaldehid; sesenduk

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zaidon@upm.edu.my