Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 979–986

Diallel Analysis for Seed Yield and Related Traits in an Energy Crop Jatropha curcas

(Analisis Dialel Hasil Biji dan Ciri Berkaitan dalam Tanaman Tenaga Jatropha curcas)

A.K.M. AMINUL ISLAM¹²*, NURINA ANUAR¹, ZAHIRA YAAKOB¹, JAHARAH A. GHANI³

& MOHAMAD OSMAN⁴

¹Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

³Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 23 April 2014/Diterima: 5 Februari 2015

ABSTRACT

Six parents (P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅ and P₆) half diallel population of Jatropha curcas were evaluated to determine the combining ability, genetic components of variance and heterosis for yield contributing traits. Diallel analysis showed that both additive and dominance gene action was responsible for the genetic regulation of all the traits under study. The cross combination P₁ × P₃ showed the highest positive specific combining ability for seed yield per plant. Combining ability results were also in close agreement with the findings of estimate of genetic components of variance. The seeds per fruit (89%) and 100-seed weight (93%) showed maximum narrow sense heritability. Seed yield per plant showed high mid parent (254.13%) and better parent (202.36%) heterosis in the cross combinations of P₂ × P₅ and P₁ × P₃, respectively. The parents of P₁, _P2, P₃ and P₅ were found to be superior for seed yield components when used in cross. Considering seed production for each plant, the hybrids P₁ × P₂, P₁ × P₃, P₂ × P₅ and P₄ × P₆ could be selected for the development of hybrid varieties.

Keywords: Breeding; combining ability; fruit yield; heterosis; Jatropha curcas

ABSTRAK

Enam induk populasi dialel separa Jatropha curcas (P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅ dan P₆) telah dinilai untuk menentukan keupayaan penggabungan komponen genetik bagi varian dan heterosis, untuk ciri yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan hasil. Analisis dialel menunjukkan bahawa tindakan kedua-dua gen tambah dan dominan adalah berperanan dalam pengaturan genetik bagi kesemua ciri yang dikaji. Gabungan kacukan P₁ × P₃ menunjukkan keupayaan penggabungan spesifik positif paling tinggi untuk penghasilan biji per pokok. Hasil keupayaan penggabungan juga hampir menyamai keputusan anggaran komponen genetik untuk varians. Bilangan biji per buah (89%) dan berat 100-biji (93%) menunjukkan keterwarisan deria sempit yang maksimum. Hasil biji per pokok menunjukkan heterosis induk tengah (254.13%) dan induk baik (202.36%) yang tinggi, masing-masing dalam gabungan kacukan P₂ × P₅ dan P₁ × P₃. Induk P₁, P₂, P₃ dan P₅ didapati lebih superior apabila digunakan dalam kacukan untuk komponen-komponen penghasilan biji. Dengan mengambil kira penghasilan biji untuk setiap pokok, hibrid P₁ × P₂, P₁ × P₃, P₂ × P₅ dan P₄ × P₆ boleh dipilih untuk pembangunan hybrid yang pelbagai.

Kata kunci: Heterosis; Jatropha curcas; keupayaan gabungan; pembiakbakaan; penghasilan buah

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