Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2601–2608

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-02

 

Ketoksikan Akut Arsenik, Kromium dan Selenium terhadap Moluska Air Tawar di Malaysia; Filopaludina sumatrensis dan Corbicula fluminea

(Acute Toxicity of Arsenic, Chromium and Selenium to Malaysian Freshwater Molluscs; Filopaludina sumatrensis and Corbicula fluminea)

 

NURUL AKHMA ZAKARIA^* & AHMAD ABAS KUTTY

 

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 30 Mac 2018/Diterima: 11 Julai 2018

 

ABSTRAK

Masalah pencemaran sumber air tawar dan kesan ketoksikan logam telah mendapat perhatian di serata negara. Dua spesies organisma air tawar daripada filum moluska Filopaludina sumatrensis dan Corbicula fluminea didedahkan kepada tiga logam terpilih iaitu arsenik (As) kromium (Cr) dan selenium (Se) pada kepekatan berbeza selama 96 jam di dalam makmal terkawal. Kadar kematian dinilai serta kepekatan kematian median (LC50) dan masa kematian median (LT50) dihitung. Nilai LC50 dan LT50 didapati menurun dengan pertambahan masa dan kepekatan pendedahan bagi kedua-dua spesies dan kesemua logam. Keputusan daripada kajian ini memperlihatkan ketoksikan logam As, Cr dan Se semakin meningkat dengan peningkatan kepekatan dan masa pendedahan logam kepada F. sumatrensis dan C. fluminea. Nilai LC50 96 jam As, Cr dan Se bagi F. sumatrensis adalah 4.22, 3.78 dan 45.92 mg/L dan 11.84, 2.23 dan 35.63 mg/L masing-masing bagi C. fluminea. Keputusan menunjukkan Cr adalah logam paling toksik terhadap F. sumatrensis dan C. fluminea. Trend ketoksikan logam bagi kedua-dua moluska ini adalah sama iaitu Cr > As > Se.

 

Kata kunci: Arsenik; ketoksikan akut; kromium; moluska; selenium

 

ABSTRACT

Issues of freshwater pollution and metal toxicity has been gaining concern throughout the country. Two freshwater molluscs, Filopaludina sumatrensis and Corbicula fluminea were exposed to a range of three metals (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se)) at varied concentrations for 96 h in the controlled laboratory conditions. Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentrations (LC50) and median lethal times (LT50) were calculated. It was observed that both LC50 and LT50 values increased with a decrease in mean exposure concentrations and times, for both species and all metals. Toxicity of As, Cr dan Se increased with times and exposure concentrations for both F. sumatrensis and C. fluminea. The 96 h LC50 values for As, Cr and Se were 4.22, 3.78 and 45.92 mg/L for F. sumatrensis and 11.84, 2.23 and 35.63 mg/L for C. fluminea, respectively. The results indicated that Cr was the most toxic metal to both F. sumatrensis dan C. fluminea. The metal toxicity trend for both molluscs from most to least toxic was Cr > As > Se.

 

Keywords: Acute toxicity; arsenic; chromium; molluscs; selenium

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurulakhmazakaria@yahoo.com