 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-20
Application of Gravity Survey for
Tin Exploration at Bongsu Granite, Kulim,
Kedah, Malaysia (Aplikasi Tinjauan Graviti untuk Penjelajahan Timah di Granit Bongsu, Kulim, Kedah,
Malaysia) FAKHRUDDIN AFIF FAUZI1,2, MOHD HARIRI ARIFIN2*, MOHD BASRIL ISWADI BASORI2, KHAIRUL ARIFIN MOHD NOH3 & MOHD ROZI UMOR2
1Department of Mineral
and Geoscience Malaysia, Kedah/Perlis/Pulau Pinang, 05150 Alor Setar, Kedah
Darul Aman, Malaysia
2Centre for Earth
Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Petroleum
Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 21
April 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019
ABSTRACT
Alluvial
tin mining in Karangan area was closely
related to the mineralization of Bongsu
Granite and its contact zone with sedimentary rocks of Semanggol
Formation possibly through greisenization
process. A gravity survey focusing on high tin anomaly area in Gunung
Bongsu Forest Reserve was conducted to define the subsurface
geology and structural patterns related to tin mineralization. The
gravity data were corrected for drift, free air, Bouguer,
latitude and terrain corrections to produce final gravity data of
the study area. The data were processed and analyzed using Oasis
Montaj to produce Bouguer,
regional, residual, Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) regional and
THD residual gravity maps for qualitative interpretations. Comparison
of the produced gravity anomaly maps indicate occurrence of partial
ring fractured-style model of granite emplacement initialized by
laccolith development, doming of sedimentary bedrock, magmatic diking
through ring fractures and finally sinking and melting of surrounded
sedimentary rock before magma cooling and crystallizing to become
granites bedrocks. Greisenization occurs
within the inner ring granite as the bedrock developed at later
phase.
Keywords:
Greisenization; granite; gravity anomaly; ring fractures; tin mineralization
ABSTRAK
Perlombongan bijih timah aluvium di kawasan Karangan adalah berkait rapat dengan pemineralan
Granit Bongsu dan
zon persentuhan antara granit
dengan batuan
sedimen Formasi Semanggol berkemungkinan melalui proses penggreisenan. Suatu kajian graviti telah dijalankan di kawasan Hutan Simpan
Gunung Bongsu
yang tertumpu kepada kawasan beranomali timah bagi menilai
geologi subpermukaan
dan corak berstuktur
yang berkaitan dengan
pemineralan timah Data graviti dibuat pembetulan hanyutan udara bebas, Bouguer,
latitud dan
rupa bumi bagi
menghasilkan data graviti
akhir kawasan kajian.
Data akhir diproses
dan dianalisis
menggunakan perisian Oasis Montaj bagi menghasilkan
peta graviti
Bouguer, rantau, baki, terbitan mendatar keseluruhan (THD) rantau dan THD baki bagi tujuan
pentafsiran kualitatif.
Perbandingan anomali
antara peta graviti
yang dihasilkan menunjukkan
wujudnya model pembentukan
granit melalui
rekahan separa
berbentuk cincin yang dimulakan dengan pembentukan lakolit, pembentukan struktur kubah pada batuan
sedimen, rejahan
magma secara daik melalui
rekahan cincin
dan akhirnya penenggelaman
dan pencairan
batuan sedimen sebelum penyejukan dan penghabluran magma untuk menjadi batuan
dasar granit.
Penggreisenan berlaku pada granit
dalam struktur
cincin kerana batuan
tersebut terbentuk
pada fasa lewat.
Kata kunci: Anomali
graviti; granit; pemineralan timah; penggreisenan; rekahan cincin
RUJUKAN
Abdul Rahim Samsudin, Abdul Rahim Harun, Mohd Hariri Arifin, Umar
Hamzah, Mokhtar Saidin & M Shyeh Sahibul Karamah, 2012. Gravity
investigation of the Bukit Bunuh Impact Crater at Lenggong, Perak, Malaysia. Sains
Malaysiana 41(12): 1629-1634.
Azman A.G., Borhan M.D. & Teh, G.H. 2000. Age,
petrogeochemistry and modelling of the Bukit Mertajam- Kulim granite, northwest
Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin Geological Society of Malaysia 44:
139-150.
Basir Jasin. 1996. Discovery of Early Permian Radiolaria from the
Semanggol Formation, Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geologi 22(4):
283-287.
Basir Jasin. 1994. Middle Triassic Radiolaria from the Semanggol
Formation, Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geologi 20(4): 279-283.
Burley, A.J. & Jamaluddin Othman. 1990. A gravity survey of
Perlis, Kedah and Penang. Bulletin Geological Society of Malaysia 26:
13-20.
Courtier,
D.B. 1974. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Neighbourhood of Kulim,
Kedah. Geological Survey of Malaysia.
Cruden, A.R. 2008.
Emplacement mechanisms and structural influences of a younger granite intrusion
into older wall rocks - a principal study with application to the Götemar and
Uthammar granites. Report No. R-08-138.
McNulty, B.A., Tobisch,
O.T., Cruden, A.R. & Gilder, S. 2000. Multistage emplacement of the Mount
Givens pluton, Central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geological
Society of America Bulletin 112: 1-18.
Fakhruddin Afif Fauzi.
2018. Penilaian Timah Primer di Kawasan Karangan, Kulim, Kedah. Report
No. JMG.KPP (MBL) 02/2018, Jabatan Mineral Dan Geosains Malaysia.
Hayes, B., Bedard, J.H.,
Hryciuk, M., Wing, B., Nabelek, P., MacDonald, W.D. & Lissenberg, C.J.
2015. Sulfide immiscibility induced by wall-rock assimilation in a fault-guided
basaltic feeder system, Franklin Large Igneous Province, Victoria Island
(Arctic Canada). Economic Geology 110: 1697-1717.
Jabatan Mineral dan
Geosains Malaysia. 2014. Peta Sumber Mineral Negeri Kedah.
Loke, M.H., Lee, C.Y.
& Klinken, G. 1983. Interpretation of regional gravity and magnetic data in
Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin Geology Society of Malaysia 16: 1-22.
Noor Bakri Endut. 2003. Photogeological
Map of the Kulim Area (Syit 29). Jabatan Mineral Dan Geosains Malaysia.
Pirajno, F. 2009. Hydrothermal
Process and Mineral Systems. Geological Survey of Western Australia.
Springer Science. p. 220.
Ridley, J. 2013. Ore
Deposit Geology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
Robb, L. 2005. Introduction
of Ore-Forming Process. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2: 111.
Salem, A., Furuya, S.,
Aboud, E., Elawadi, A., Jotaki, H. & Ushijima, K. 2005. Subsurface
structural mapping using gravity data of Hohi Geothermal Area, Central Kyushu,
Japan. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress.
Thow, E.K. 1995. Kedah
Selepas Perang Kulim: Faktor British dan Siam dalam Kajian Perkembangan
Sosio-Politik Kedah 1888-1909. Alor Setar: Nealdy Publisher &
Distributor.
Vigneresse, J.L.,
Barbey, P. & Cuney, M. 1996. Rheological transitions during partial melting
and crystallization with application to felsic magma segregation and transfer. Journal
of Petrology 37: 1579-1600.
Willbourn, E.S. 1926.
Geology and mining industries of Kedah and Perlis. Journal of the Malayan
Branch of Royal Asiatic Society 4(2): 97.
Yeap, E.B. 2000. The
prospects for hardrock gold and tin deposits in Malaysia. Geological Society
of Malaysia Annual Geological Conference. p. 328.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hariri@ukm.edu.my
|
|||
|
