Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2529–2539

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-23

Penyingkiran Ammonia dan Permintaan Oksigen Kimia daripada Air Sisa Kumbahan menggunakan Media Penjerap Komposit Karbon Teraktif

(Ammonia and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from Sewage Wastewater using Composite Adsorbent-Based Activated Carbon)

MOHAN KUMAR MANIKAM¹, MAIZATUL INTAN SYAFINAZ¹, AZHAR ABDUL HALIM¹* & MARLIA MOHD HANAFIAH^1,2

¹Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Center for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Mac 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menentukan keberkesanan media penjerap komposit karbon teraktif dalam menyingkirkan ammonia dan permintaan oksigen kimia (COD) daripada air sisa kumbahan. Kajian ini terbahagi kepada empat bahagian utama iaitu pencirian media komposit, penentuan parameter optimum, uji kaji penjerapan kelompok dan kajian penjerapan turus. Parameter optimum seperti pH, masa sentuhan dan dos bahan penjerap turut dikaji. Kajian isoterma penjerapan, kinetik penjerapan dan penjerapan turus turut dijalankan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pH5 dan pH6 adalah paling optimum bagi penyingkiran ammonia dan COD. Peratus penyingkiran ammonia yang paling optimum bagi masa sentuhan adalah pada minit ke-15 dengan bacaan penyingkiran sebanyak 71% dan bagi peratus penyingkiran COD berlaku pada minit ke-30 iaitu dengan penyingkiran sebanyak 51%. Dos bahan penjerap optimum bagi penyingkiran ammonia adalah 25 g/L manakala bagi penyingkiran COD adalah 50 g/L. Dalam kajian isoterma, model isoterma Langmuir dan Freundlich telah diaplikasi dan hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa isoterma penjerapan ammonia dan COD adalah mematuhi model isoterma Freundlich iaitu R2= 0.9004 dan R2= 0.9818. Kajian kinetik menunjukkan kadar kinetik bagi penjerapan ammonia dan COD ini adalah mematuhi model kinetik tertib kedua dan pekali korelasi yang diperoleh adalah R2=0.9985 dan R2=0.9998. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kinetik penjerapan ammonia dan COD adalah dipengaruhi oleh proses kimia. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh daripada kajian penjerapan turus, keberkesanan media penjerap komposit karbon teraktif dalam menyingkirkan ammonia dan COD daripada air sisa kumbahan dapat ditentukan berdasarkan peratus penyingkiran yang diperoleh mencapai sehingga 90% bagi ammonia dan 88% bagi COD. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa media penjerap komposit karbon teraktif dapat diaplikasikan dalam proses rawatan air sisa kumbahan.

Kata kunci: Air sisa kumbahan; isoterma; kinetik; komposit; penjerapan

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of activated carbon composite adsorbent media in removing ammonia and chemical oxygen demand (COD) form sewage wastewater. This study was divided into four main parts, composite media characterization, optimum parameter determination, batch study of the adsorption and adsorption column study. Optimum parameters such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage were also investigated. In addition, adsorption isotherm studies, adsorption kinetics and adsorption column study were conducted as well. The results showed that optimum pH 5 for removal of ammonia while pH 6 for COD. The optimum percentage of ammonia removal for the contact time was in the 15 min with the removal of 71% and for the removal percentage of COD occurred in the 30 min with the removal of 51%. The optimum adsorbent dosage for ammonia removal is about 25 g/L while for removal of COD is 50 g/L. In the isothermal studies, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied and the results showed that ammonia and COD adsorption isotherm was in compliance with the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.9004 and R2 = 0.9818. Kinetic studies showed the kinetic rates for adsorption of ammonia and COD were obtained for second order kinetic model and the coefficient of correlation was R2 = 0.9985 and R2 = 0.9998. This study showed that the kinetic adsorption of ammonia and COD was influenced by the chemical processes. Based on the results obtained from the study of the adsorption column, the effectiveness of activated carbon composite adsorbent media in removing ammonia and COD of sewage wastewater is shown by removal percentage achieving up to 90% for ammonia and 88% for COD. This research showed that activated carbon composite adsorbent media can be applied to treat sewage wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorption; composite; isotherm; kinetic; sewage wastewater

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azharhalim@ukm.edu.my