Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2575–2581

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-27

The Indian Mackerel Aggregation Areas in Relation to Their Oceanographic Conditions

(Perkaitan Kawasan Pengumpulan Ikan Kembung India dan Keadaan Oseanografi)

YENY NADIRA, K.^1,2, MUSTAPHA, M.A.^1,3* & GHAFFAR, M.A.²

¹Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

³Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 April 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019

ABSTRACT

In order to determine the favourable oceanographic conditions which influence fish aggregation areas, the integration of remote sensing and GIS technique was applied. This paper aims to classify the spatial distribution and abundance of R. kanagurta in the South China Seas (SCS) using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Remotely-sensed satellite oceanographic data of chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) together with high catch fish data were used to characterize seasonal abundance of the R. kanagurta. PCA identified two principal components that had eigenvalues >1 (PC1 and PC2) which accounted for 59.3% of the cumulative variance. Factor loading in the PCA proved that all environmental variables used in this study; chl-a (PC1), SSH and SST (PC2) had influenced the CPUE of R. kanagurta. Using CA, two clusters of CPUE abundance were identified. In cluster 1, an average CPUE of 350.7 kg/m³ with highest catch were recorded in January, April, May, July and October. Meanwhile, in cluster 2, an average CPUE of 1033.9 kg/m³ with highest catch were recorded in April, May, September and October. Preferred range for fish aggregations showed SST, SSH and chl-a were observed in between 29-31°C, 1.12-1.28 m and 0.24-0.42 mg/m3, respectively. Binary habitat suitability index was used to model the potential aggregation areas. The highest potential fish aggregations areas of R. kanagurta were found located along the coast of Peninsular Malaysia in early and late Southwest monsoon (at accuracy of 83.68% with kappa of 0.7).

Keywords: Chlorophyll-a; fish aggregation areas; Rastrelliger kanagurta; sea surface height; sea surface temperature

ABSTRAK

Integrasi antara data penderiaan jauh dan teknik GIS diaplikasi bagi menentukan keadaan oseanografi yang mempengaruhi kawasan pengumpulan ikan. Objektif dalam kajian ini adalah untuk mengkelaskan taburan reruang dan kelimpahan R. kanagurta di Laut China Selatan menggunakan analisis komponen prinsipal (PCA) dan analisis kelompok (CA) serta mengenal pasti perhubungan antara taburan ikan dengan keadaan persekitaran. Hubungan antara data taburan klorofil-a (chl-a), suhu permukaan laut (SST) dan ketinggian permukaan laut (SSH) daripada satelit penderiaan jauh serta taburan tangkapan R. kanagurta digunakan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan taburan musiman ikan pelagik. PCA mengenal pasti dua komponen prinsipal yang mempunyai nilai eigen >1 (PC1 dan PC2) dengan nilai peratus kumulatif varians adalah 59.3%. Faktor penentuan dalam komponen prinsipal menunjukkan bahawa parameter persekitaran mempengaruhi data tangkapan ikan. CA menunjukkan dua kelompok tangkapan ikan dengan kelompok 1, nilai purata tangkapan ikan sebanyak 350.7 kg/m³ dengan catatan tangkapan ikan tertinggi pada bulan Januari, April, Mei, Julai, September dan Oktober. Manakala, di dalam kelompok 2, nilai purata tangkapan ikan sebanyak 1033.9 kg/m³ dengan catatan tangkapan ikan tertinggi pada bulan April, Mei, September dan Oktober. Julat kesesusaian cerapan pengumpulan ikan bagi SST, SSH dan chl-a didapati pada suhu 29-31°C, 1.12-1.28 m dan 0.24-0.42 mg/m³. Kawasan berpotensi bagi pengumpulan R. kanagurta yang dimodel menggunakan indeks kesesuaian habitat mendapati kawasan pengumpulan R. kanagurta paling berpotensi terletak di sepanjang perairan pantai Semenanjung Malaysia pada permulaan dan akhir musim monsun barat daya (pada ketepatan 83.68% dengan nilai kappa 0.7).

Kata kunci: Kawasan pengumpulan ikan; ketinggian permukaan laut; klorofil-a; Rastrelliger kanagurta; suhu permukaan laut

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: muzz@ukm.edu.my