Sains Malaysiana 43(5)(2014): 775–782

Response Surface Methodology Models of Processing Parameters for

High Performance Phenolic Compreg Wood

(Model Kaedah Permukaan Respons bagi Parameter Pemprosesan untuk Kayu Fenolik Termampat Berprestasi Tinggi)

A.    ZAIDON*¹, G.H. KIM², E.S. BAKAR³ & H. RASMINA¹

1Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E.

Malaysia

²Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University

Seoul 136-713, Korea

³Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Received: 30 May 2013/Accepted: 3 September 2013

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to develop response surface methodology (RSM) models for polymer loading, density, dimensional stability, strength and stiffness of compressed wood of sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) treated with phenol formaldehyde (PF). Central composite design (CCD) using RSM with three processing parameters was studied in their specific ranges: PF concentration (PC) from 24-40%, pre-curing time (PCT), 3-9 h and compression ratio (CR), 70-90%. The experimental design was analysed and interpreted using the Design Expert Software (Stat Ease version 8) and the responses of 3d plots were built using the same software. Quadratic models in terms of PC, PCT and CR were developed for polymer loading, density, reduction in water absorption and modulus of rupture in static bending. Multiple linear equations were developed for anti-swelling efficiency and modulus of elasticity. The experimental values were in good agreement with predicted ones and the models were highly significant with correlation coefficients between 0.626 and 0.926. PC and CR had significant effects on the responses. The range of PCT used did not significantly affect the responses. It was also found that the improvement of properties ranged from moderately to highly correlated with the polymer loading in the compreg wood.

Keywords: Central composite design; compreg; phenol formaldehyde

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membangunkan model kaedah permukaan respons (RSM) untuk ketahanan polimer, ketumpatan, kestabilan dimensi, kekuatan dan keanjalan kayu sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) termampat (Compreg) yang dirawat dengan fenol formaldehid (PF). Reka bentuk komposit tengah (CCD) menggunakan RSM dengan tiga parameter pemprosesan dikaji dalam julat kepekatan PF (PC) 24-40%, masa pra-pematangan (PCT), 3-9 jam dan nisbah mampatan (CR), 70-90%. Reka bentuk ujian dianalisis dan ditafsirkan menggunakan perisian Design Expert (Stat Ease version 8) dan plot respons 3d dihasilkan dengan menggunakan perisian yang sama. Model kuadratik dibangunkan untuk ketahanan polimer, ketumpatan, pengurangan penyerapan air dan modulus kepecahan dalam lenturan statik berdasarkan PC, PCT dan CR. Persamaan linear berganda dibangunkan untuk keberkesanan anti-pembekaan dan modulus kekenyalan. Nilai yang diperoleh daripada ujian mempunyai persamaan dengan nilai yang diramalkan dan model yang dihasilkan mempunyai kesan yang ketara dengan pekali korelasi antara 0.626 dan 0.926. PC dan CR mempunyai kesan yang besar ke atas respons. Julat PCT yang digunakan tidak memberi kesan ketara kepada respons. Kajian ini juga mendapati peningkatan sifat kayu berkait rapat dengan ketahanan polimer dalam kayu compreg dalam skala sederhana ke tahap tinggi.

Kata kunci: Compreg; fenol formaldehid; reka bentuk komposit tengah

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*Corresponding author; email: zaidon@upm.edu.my