Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 879–882

How Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a Semi-Aquatic Plant Adapt to Natural Flood or Submerged Condition? A Physiological Perspective

(Bagaimana Padi (Oryza sativa L.), Suatu Tumbuhan Akuatik Menyesuaikan Diri dalam Keadaan Banjir Semula Jadi atau Tenggelam? Suatu Perspektif Fisiologi)

R.K. UPADHYAY*

Department of Botany, Haflong Government College (Assam University Affiliation)

Haflong - 788819, Assam, India

Received: 17 June 2014/Accepted: 19 December 2015

ABSTRACT

The deficiency of oxygen in water during submergence is one of the frequently perceived environmental factors that limits or hampers production of the rice cultivation. Rice plants comprise of elongated submerged tissues that help to bear with the rise of water level in natural location. This characteristic helps the plant to deal with flooding stress. The mechanism on flooding tolerance and adaptation mostly includes the physiological changes, one of which is the shortened growth of elongation towards keeping the carbohydrates and energy for production of the antioxidant regulations in rice plants. Furthermore, molecular studies and gene cloning might help suggest a better understanding of means and adaptations built-up by rice plants in order to stay alive and to remain active during flooding stress, might help to focus on some novel approaches to the up gradation as well as improvement on the natural cultivation of rice plants.

Keywords: Adaptation; anoxia; biochemical change; flooding; Oryza sativa; submergence

ABSTRAK

Kekurangan oksigen dalam air semasa penenggelaman adalah salah satu faktor alam sekitar yang sering dilihat menghadkan atau menghalang pengeluaran penanaman padi. Tanaman padi terdiri daripada tisu tenggelam memanjang yang membantu mengatasi kenaikan paras air di lokasi semula jadi. Ciri ini membantu tumbuhan untuk menangani tekanan banjir. Mekanisme banjir dan penyesuaian selalunya melibatkan perubahan fisiologi, satu daripadanya ialah pemendekan pertumbuhan pemanjangan ke arah menjaga karbohidrat dan tenaga untuk pengeluaran antioksidan dalam tanaman padi. Selanjutnya, kajian molekul dan pengklonan gen boleh membantu mencadangkan cara yang lebih difahami dan penyesuaian binaan oleh tanaman padi untuk terus hidup dan kekal aktif semasa tekanan banjir, dapat membantu untuk memberi tumpuan kepada beberapa pendekatan novel untuk meningkatkan pemeringkatan serta penambah baikan penanaman tanaman padi secara semula jadi.

Kata kunci: Anoksia; banjir; Oryza sativa; penyesuaian; perubahan biokimia; tenggelam

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*Corresponding author; email: rishik.upadhyay@rediffmail.com