Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2403-2410

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-06

Phytotoxic Activity of Oil Palm Frond Mulch in Combination with Selected Pre-Emergence Herbicide

(Aktiviti Fitotoksik Sungkupan Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dalam Gabungan dengan Herbisid Pracambah Terpilih)

DILIPKUMAR MASILAMANY¹, MUHAMMAD AMIRUL NORDIN², NORHAFIZAH MD ZAIN³, ISMAIL BIN SAHID⁴ & CHUAH TSE SENG⁵*

¹Rice Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 20130 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

³Faculty of Agro-based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

⁴School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁵Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia

Received: 21 February 2020/Accepted: 13 April 2020

ABSTRACT

The combination of mulch and herbicide is a promising method for weed control which could reduce the frequency of hand weeding. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Elaeis guneensis var. tenera (oil palm) frond (OPF) mulch in combination with several pre emergence herbicides on the inhibition of goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn), slender cyperus (Cyperus distans L.f.) and coat buttons (Tridax procumbens (L.) under greenhouse conditions. Three rates of dinoterb, oxyfluorfen, and isoxaflutole were respectively, applied with or without OPF mulch at 3.5 t ha⁻¹. The results showed that the weed inhibition provided by the dinoterb-treated OPF mulch (60 to 100%) was greater than dinoterb (0 to 50%) or OPF mulch (0 to 60%) applied alone across all the application rates and bioassay species. The oxyfluorfen-treated OPF mulch also gave greater inhibition (70 to 90%) of T. procumbens than those provided by oxyfluorfen (20 to 40%) or the OPF mulch alone (55 to 60%). However, an increase in inhibition of C. distans and E. indica was only evident at a low rate of oxyfluorfen when combined the OPF mulch. Weed inhibition was noted with increasing rates of isoxaflutole alone but the isoxaflutole-treated OPF mulch did not lead to further inhibition of weeds except for T. procumbens. These results suggest that the phytotoxicity of OPF mulch in combination with herbicides are dependent on weed species, herbicides, and application rates, with dinoterb being the most compatible with OPF mulch when combined.

Keywords: Elaesis guneensis var. tenera; oil palm frond; rachis; residue mulch; seedling emergence; seedling growth

ABSTRAK

Gabungan antara sungkupan dan herbisid adalah kaedah yang berpotensi untuk mengawal rumpai kerana ia boleh mengurangkan kekerapan merumpai menggunakan tangan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan fitotoksik sungkupan pelepahElaeis guneensis var. tenera (kelapa sawit), OPF dengan gabungan beberapa herbisid pracambah ke atas perencatan rumput sambau(Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn), slender cyperus (Cyperus distans L.f.) dan rumpai kancing baju(Tridax procumbens (L.) di bawah keadaan rumah hijau. Tiga kadar dinoterb, oksifluorfen dan isoksaflutol, masing-masing diaplikasikan dengan atau tanpa sungkupan OPF pada 3.5 t ha⁻¹. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa perencatan rumpai yang diberi sungkupanOPF terawat dinoterb (60 hingga 100%) lebih besar berbanding dinoterb (0 hingga 50%) atau sungkupan OPF (0 hingga 60%) sahaja untuk semua kadar aplikasi dan spesies bioasai. Sungkupan OPF terawat oksifluorfen juga memberikan perencatan yang besar (70 hingga 90%) ke atasT. procumbens berbanding oksifluorfen (20 hingga 40%) atau sungkupan OPF sahaja (55 hingga 60%). Walau bagaimanapun, peningkatan perencatan ke atasC. distans danE. indica hanya ketara pada kadar oksifluorfen yang rendah apabila digabungkan dengan sungkupan OPF. Perencatan rumpai dapat dilihat dengan peningkatan kadar isoksaflutol sahaja tetapi sungkupanOPF terawat isoksaflutol tidak membawa kepada perencatan rumpai kecuali untuk T. procumbens. Keputusan ini mencadangkan bahawa kefitotoksikan sungkupan OPF dengan gabungan herbisid bergantung kepada spesies rumpai, herbisid, dan kadar aplikasi, dengan dinoterb paling sesuai digabungkan dengan sungkupan OPF.

Kata kunci: Elaesis guneensis var. tenera; kemunculan anak benih; pelepah kelapa sawit; pertumbuhan anak benih; rakis; sisa sungkupan

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*Corresponding author; email: chuahts@uitm.edu.my